Category: Bankruptcy

Guess What Got Lost in the Loan Pool?

WE are all learning, to our deep distress, how the perpetual pursuit of profits drove so many of the bad decisions that financial institutions made during the mortgage mania.
But while investors tally the losses that were generated by loose lending so far, the impact of another lax practice is only beginning to be seen. That is the big banks’ minimalist approach to meeting legal requirements — bookkeeping matters, really — when pooling thousands of loans into securitization trusts.
Stated simply, the notes that underlie mortgages placed in securitization trusts must be assigned to those trusts soon after the firms create them. And any transfers of these notes must also be recorded.
But this seems not to have been a priority with many big banks. The result is that bankruptcy judges are finding that institutions claiming to hold the notes that back specific mortgages often cannot prove it.

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Where’s the Note and Who’s the Holder

Unfortunately, unless you represent borrowers, the vast flow of notes into the maw of the securitization industry meant that a lot of mistakes were made. When the borrower defaults, the party seeking to enforce the obligation and foreclose on the underlying collateral sometimes cannot find the note. A lawyer sophisticated in this area has speculated to one of the authors that perhaps a third of the notes “securitized” have been lost or destroyed. The cases we are going to look at reflect the stark fact that the unnamed source’s speculation may be well-founded.

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Loan Modification Efforts in Opposition to Securitization Trusts

Securitization transactions are technical, complex deals, but the crux of the process is simple. A financial institution owns a pool of mortgage loans, which it either funded itself or purchased from other institutions or mortgage banking companies. Rather than hold these mortgages (ie. loans) (and the affiliated risk) on its own books, it sells them to a specially created entity, called a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), which is typically a trust . The trust pays for the mortgage loans by issuing bonds. The bonds are collateralized (backed) by the loans now owned by the trust. These bonds are so-called mortgage¬backed securities (MBS).

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New Mortgage Bankruptcy Bill a Good Solution

Legislation designed to stem foreclosures by allowing bankruptcy judges to erase some mortgage debt will be introduced by Congressional Democrats on Tuesday, and hopes are high that it will pass after a similar plan failed last year.

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